Thomas Charles Horne (born March 28, 1945) is a Canadian-American lawyer, politician, and activist who served as the 25th Attorney General from 2011 to 2015. He previously served as Arizona Superintendent of Public Teaching from 2003 to 2011.
Video Tom Horne
Early life and education
Horne is a graduate of Harvard College (1967) magna cum laude and Harvard Law School (1970) with honors.
During his 30 years of legal practice, Horne served as Special Assistant to the Attorney General and Pro Tem Judges at the Maricopa County Superior Court and Arizona Court of Appeals. Horne served as a Law Writing teacher at Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law and the author is a legal text on construction law published by the State Bar of Arizona.
Maps Tom Horne
Arizona House of Representatives
Horne served in the Arizona Representative Council from 1997 to 2001. He presided over the Academic Accountability Committee and served as vice chair of the Education Committee.
Country Supervisor of Public Instruction
After 24 years as a member of the school board and four years as legislator, Horne served as Inspector of Selected Public Supervisors from 2003 to 2011.
Social study standard
Among his earliest acts at the office were to encourage the strengthening of Arizona's social studies standards so that instructions on topics such as the US Constitution and the Declaration of Independence would be emphasized not only in the elementary classes, but reaffirmed at the next class level. Under the new standards developed during his reign, the second graders will study ancient civilizations in China and India, as well as how the discovery of paper and fireworks in Asia contributed to the development of later civilizations. In September 2006, Horne announced a partnership with History Education and The History Channel to implement state-of-the-art social research initiatives. Funding for this program is $ 3.7 million. "I am very grateful that The History Channel has acknowledged the hard work it has taken to strengthen Arizona's historical standards," Horne said.
full-day Kindergarten
Horne is a strong supporter of kindergartens throughout the day. Horne said a review of national research on the issue shows that the all-day program appears to reduce the achievement gap between students from poor households and those from more prosperous homes. He also said that children who come to school speaking languages ​​other than English are also useful. "The teachers told me a large number of their students were reading, and they could not do that in a half-day program," Horne said. "For students in poor neighborhoods to read is a big step forward to eliminate the fact that when children are behind when they start, they never catch up."
Nutritional standards
He also encourages nutritional standards that get rid of junk food from elementary school and create incentives for high school to do so voluntarily. "Most parents want their children to eat healthy and hate it when school damages it... (and has) vending machines filled with candy and soda," he said.
Art Standard
Horne, a classically trained pianist and founder of the Phoenix Baroque Ensemble, is an advocate of increasing art education in schools. "If they worry about the value of the test and want a way to get it higher, they need to give the kids more art, not less," Horne said. "There is much evidence that children immersed in art perform better on their academic tests." Horne continued, "Art is an important part of every student's education.Study shows that students who study artistic value are higher on academic tests than students who are not exposed to art.The Ministry of Education needs to ensure that schools do not ignore the art in order to emphasize the subject areas that have been tested in reading, writing, and math. "
Test protocol
The testing protocol also changed significantly during the reign of Horne. He oversaw the development of a unique two-goal assessment in combining assessments on both countries and nationally defined standards. This cuts the standard test time to half, returning that time to the class instruction.
Arizona Instruments for Measuring Success (AIMS) test
Horne also continues to apply the Arizona Instruments Test for Measure of Success (AIMS), created by Lisa Graham Keegan and approved by the legislature in the 1990s, but not valid until 2006. Despite minor controversy over the requirement that students pass the test before graduating high school, the test becomes received part of the state education system, until it was replaced in 2014. Horne creates an incentive program in which students are exceeding the standards on the AIMS test and meet other criteria that are accepted to the Arizona university college scholarship. For a high honors diploma, which guarantees a free lecture at one of three Arizona universities, a student must have exceeded the standards in Arizona Instruments for Measuring Standards in reading, math and writing in addition to getting B or better in all 16 core classes and graduating with a cumulative average of 3.5 or being in the top five percent of the graduating class. An alternative is to exceed the standards in the two categories of AIMS and score 3 or better on two Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate tests. "The essence of this action is to support the encouragement of schools and students to strive not only for finesse but to go beyond proficiency," said Horne. "It will be a powerful incentive."
Racial-based study
Horne seeks to discuss curriculum matters because they are related to racial-based studies. Horne, who participated in Martin Luther King's 1963 March in Washington, was alerted to a race-based program at the Tucson Unified School District and, based on a curriculum review, championed the law to address the material issues presented. A state law is passed that prohibits a good curriculum: 1) Promote the overthrow of the United States government. 2) Encourage hatred against race or class of people. 3) Designed primarily for students of certain ethnic groups. 4) Advocating ethnic solidarity is not the treatment of students as individuals. Horne said, "We think children should be taught together, they must be taught to treat each other as individuals, that what race they are experiencing has been born is irrelevant What relevant is what you know, what you can do , what are your characters, not what race you happen to be born in. And we teach the contributions of different groups together in a social studies class for all children.This contradicts, I believe, with American values ​​to divide the children by race and teaching each race only about his own contribution.We want to teach all children about all the different contributions. "
Attorney General
On November 2, 2010, Horne defeated Felecia Rotellini in the race for Arizona Attorney General in the 2010 election.
Within a few weeks after becoming A.G., his office has filed an appearance in Arizona v. The United States, defended the governor and the state against the challenge of the Obama administration's tribunal to S.B. 1070. "My job as an attorney general is to defend the state of Arizona," Horne said. A.G. previously, Terry Goddard, has withdrawn from the case, approving the demands of Governor Jan Brewer.
Shortly after winning the 2010 election, Horne announced that he wanted the office "to do more on the road of consumer protection, even when a small case", pursuing violations of the Arizona Consumer Fraud Act. This led to a series of offensive operations against the car repair business, which pushed the offer of industry groups to assist A.G in cleaning up the repair business. Horne is involved with another A.G in some consumer outfits. On February 19, 2012, Horne announced Arizona had reached an agreement to join a $ 25 billion deal with five of the nation's largest mortgage servicers for misuse and fraud allegations. The Arizona section is $ 1.6 billion, with $ 1.3 billion for underwater owners (negative equity). Settlements are the result of initiatives that include 49 A.G. Similar settings against SunTrust accounted for $ 40 million for broken Arizona home owners. There is also a separate, Arizona only, settlement with Bank of America on mortgage practices, which include fees incurred by the A.G office. in the lawsuit. A.G. in 44 countries, including Arizona, and D.C. has sued Sirius XM, alleging that they have committed misleading, unfair and deceptive practices. On December 4, 2014 Horne announced that $ 230,000 of the $ 3.8 million settlement would go to affected Arizona consumers. Horne and A.G. others reached an agreement with Pfizer Inc. in 2014, after accusing him of unlawfully promoting Rapamune, an immunosuppressive drug. $ 721,169 went to Arizona, deposited to the Fraud Consumer Fraud Fund.
In the case of United States Supreme Court 2012, Arizona v. Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc., Horne argues that the Arizona voter registration requirement was not preceded by the 1993 National Electoral Registration Act. The case was decided against Horne and Arizona, by 7-2 votes. 7-2 The decision states "Arizona is right that the Election Clause empowers Congress to regulate how the federal election is held, but not who can vote in. The last is the state province." However, since Horne's predecessor as Attorney General did not appeal the commission's detrimental decision, the case was sent back for a new petition to the commission for an appeal. It was consolidated with the case of the 10th circuit, which ruled in a disadvantageous manner, and the Supreme Court chose not to review for a second time. The court also stated that Arizona may petition to have more requirements added to federal standards.
In the case of the second Supreme Court of 2012, Ryan v. Gonzales, Horne argues that death row inmates have no right to delay the federal habeas corpus process when incompetent to assist lawyers. In a 9-0 decision, Horne wins.
In 2013 Horne wrote an opinion defending the country's preemption of firearm regulation; he found that Tucson city gun legislation was unworkable. In 2012 Horne proposed that the headmaster or designee be trained and armed in every school. In 2013, he proposed a law that would allow teachers to carry weapons in public schools.
Horne threatened to sue Bisbee, Arizona, on a 2013 regulation that recognizes same-sex couples. He withdrew the threat a few days later when Bisbee agreed to rewrite the rule, removing the rights reserved for married couples under Arizona law. In October 2014, a federal judge ruled that Arizona's law prohibiting gay marriage was unconstitutional, and Horne did not file an appeal. He felt the chance was upside down was "zero," and, adding, "I think it's over."
Horne filed a 2013 lawsuit that forced the Maricopa County Community College District to end the state money policy for "dreamers" (undocumented immigrants with federal employment permits, who came to the US as children). When accused of being anti-immigrant, Horne replied that he himself, was born in Canada. Horne meets with the students and explains that he is "obliged to enforce the law." Activists held protests and many were arrested. On May 5, 2015, a Maricopa High Court judge ruled that "the dreamer" could pay tuition in the state, ending a lawsuit two years later A.G. Horne has filed.
Horne criticized the Immigration and Customs (ICE) practice of 2014 to send illegal immigrants from Texas to Arizona. "These aliens are not transported for the purpose of detaining them at a federal facility located in Arizona," Horne wrote, in a letter to the Department of Homeland Security. "Instead, DHS mysteriously moved them about 1,200 miles and let it go here (outdoors in temperatures exceeding 100 degrees) than in Texas."
In 2014, federal jurors award spouses in Colorado City, Arizona, $ 5.2 million, for religious discrimination. The A.G. from Utah and Arizona intervened in this case. Most polygamy cities in Hildale, Utah and Colorado City, Arizona, and utilities have violated federal and state housing discrimination laws "by discriminating Cookes in the provision of services or facilities due to religion." Horne is an old critic of the Colorado City police force, known as the "marshal office." He feels that marshals are the arm of the FLDS church instead of the law. In 2012 Horne allocated $ 420,000 to the Mohave County Sheriff's Office to patrol the City of Colorado. In 2014, he asked a federal judge to dismantle the office, after the law he supported failed to pass. The motion was rejected, however, the judge instructed the office to avoid discrimination.
On 26 August 2014, Horne was defeated in a Republican reelection campaign by Mark Brnovich. Brnovich beat Horne by 54% to 46%.
Controversy
Securities law violations
Horne is president of T.C. Horne & amp; Co., an investment company he founded in the late 1960s. After the company went bankrupt in 1970, Horne received a lifetime trade ban from the Securities and Exchange Commission. The 1973 SEC report alleged that as president of T.C. Horne & amp; Co., Horne "inter alia, in violation of the brokers' record-keeping, anti-fraud, and broker-dealer financial provisions of the federal securities laws and filed false financial statements with the commission." Horne sets out on the SEC's findings that he and his company "deliberately assist and abet" in violation of securities laws. Horne later stated that these problems stem from his entry into early computerization and that he got into his head while working the same way even though law school.
Traffic abuses
In October 2007, when the State Inspector of Public Teaching, Horne was quoted to accelerate criminals in Scottsdale, Arizona. Over the next one and a half year period, Horne was quoted to accelerate six additional times, including once in the school zone. Allegations of criminal acceleration resolved as a traffic violation.
In March 2012, while stalking Horne as part of an investigation of violations of campaign finance laws, FBI agents watched Horne leave the crash site. An FBI agent picked up a black mark on a parked car, shown on the front page of the newspaper. The FBI report said Montano [the car owner] told him he did not know the vehicle had been hit by another vehicle until SA Grehoski called him to arrange an interview. Montano suggested that the black mark on the front passenger side of the bumper come from when his son parked the vehicle in the garage. Realizing that it is questionable whether Horne did any damage, City Counsel approved the settlement in which Horne paid a $ 300 fine.
Unauthorized allegations of violation of campaign finance law
In October 2012, after an FBI investigation, Maricopa District Attorney Bill Montgomery concluded that Horne deliberately violated the campaign finance laws during his election campaign in 2010 in coordination with an independent spending committee run by Kathleen Winn. In April 2014, an independent Administrative Judge judged that prosecution in the case of "failure was determined by greater evidence" that Horne coordinated illegally with an independent spending committee during the 2010 election campaign for the attorney general.
In May 2014, Yavapai County Attorney Sheila Polk, to whom the issue was referred, rejected the recommendation of an administrative judge, and issued a final administrative decision ordering Horne and Winn to substitute a $ 400,000 campaign. Horne and Winn appealed to the Maricopa County Superior Court, which backed Polk's decision. They then appealed to the Court of Appeals.
On May 25, 2017, the Arizona Supreme Court overturned a court ruling below, agreeing with Horne and Winn that they were denied legal proceedings because Polk was involved in prosecution and case preparation strategies. The case was sent back to the AGO for a final administrative decision.
On July 5, 2017, Horne was acquitted of any error by Cochise District Counsel Brian McIntyre, to whom the Attorney General referred the case to final administrative decision. The final decision in favor of Horne stated: "The record, unfortunately, supports the conclusion that the investigation undertaken is not a truth-seeking, but rather, only intended to support a conclusion that has been withdrawn."
Horne's lawyer, Dennis Wilenchik, stated that he hoped "that this oppressive cloud has hanged above it since before the last election has gone." The case was brought by an overzealous prosecutor who chose to act as judge, jury and executioner. And to put aside the judge. Justice finally won for the former Attorney General. "
Unauthorized allegations of violation of campaign law
On May 5, 2014, a lawyer representing former AG staff member and former Horne campaign volunteer, filed a letter of litigation with the Arizona Attorney General's office, alleging that many staff of Horne's executive office were involved in a "substantial campaign" for the 2014 Election, "while state and exploit the resources of the state, "which if proven true, may" represent a substantial violation of state and federal laws prohibiting such conduct "
The first allegations appear in the resignation letter of the AG staff, who claim that the office "does not follow the campaign laws or financial laws," impose "its legal prosperity." Horne denied the allegations, calling them "complete manufacturing."
On July 7, 2014, Arizona Secretary of State issued a memo, discovering the possible cause that Horne violated several campaign finance laws related to allegations that Horne had employees doing his campaign work at the time of the country, at AG's office.
On March 16, 2016, Maricopa District Attorney's Office, after examining the allegations for more than a year and determining no reasonable likelihood of confidence, closed his investigation into Horne.
See also
- English for Children (Arizona Proposition 203, 2000)
References
Further reading
- Simpson, Michael W. Tom Horne, Arizona Inspector of Public Instruction Verse Tucson Ethical Studies Unified School District: A Study of Critical Discourse. (2 April 2009).
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments