Eugene Ellsworth Landy (November 26, 1934 - March 22, 2006) is an American psychologist and psychotherapist famous for his unconventional 24-hour therapy, and especially for his treatment of Beach Boys co-founder Brian Wilson in 1970 and the 1980s, which are considered unethical by California courts. His relationship with Wilson was dramatized in the biography film Love & amp; Mercy (2014), where Landy is depicted by Paul Giamatti.
As a teenager, Landy aspires to show business, briefly serving as an early manager for George Benson. During the 1960s, he began studying psychology, earning his doctorate at the University of Oklahoma. After moving to Los Angeles, he treated many celebrity clients, including musician Alice Cooper and actor Richard Harris, Rod Steiger, Maureen McCormick, and Gig Young. He also developed an unusual 24-hour therapy intended to stabilize his patients by managing his life micro with a team of counselors and doctors.
Brian Wilson initially became a patient under Landy's program in 1975. Landy was soon dismissed for incriminating fees. In 1983, Landy was rehired as a Wilson therapist, who later became his executive producer, business manager, songwriter, and business advisor. Landy went on to produce Wilson's debut solo album and allegedly the ghostwrote part of the unknown Wilson memoir Is not It Good: My Own Story .
In 1989, Landy agreed to allow the state of California to withdraw his professional license amid allegations of ethical violations and patient misconduct. Wilson continued to see Landy until the 1992 arrest order prohibited Landy from contacting the musician again. After the 1990s, Landy continued the practice of psychotherapy with licenses in New Mexico and Hawaii until his death.
Video Eugene Landy
Early life and education
Eugene Ellsworth Landy was born on November 26, 1934, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the only child of Jules C. Landy, a medical doctor and psychology professor, and Frieda Mae Gordon Landy, also a professor of psychology. Eugene dropped out of school in sixth grade, then admitted as a dyslexic. At the age of 16, he pursued a career in show business, produced nationally syndicated radio shows, and found 10-year-old George Benson. Landy briefly served as Benson's manager and worked oddly as a radio producer, promoting recordings and producing one for Frankie Avalon.
Respecting his parents' wishes, Landy went on to study his psychiatry at Los Angeles City College, where he obtained AA in chemistry, and entered medical school at the National University of Mexico. After getting sick from dysentery, he turned to psychology. He earned a master's degree in psychology from the University of Oklahoma in 1967, completing his training with a PhD in 1968.
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Career and development methods
After completing his studies, Landy worked for the Peace Corps, eventually moving to Los Angeles to work as a drug counselor at Harbor Hospital and as a popular part-time instructor at San Fernando Valley State College. Landy began to develop his ideas for a 24-hour treatment program while working in the postdoctoral field at Rancho Santa Fe. It was there that he practiced "marathon therapy", in which a therapist took control of a group of people for a day or more. In 1968, he worked briefly as an apprentice doctor at Gateways Hospital in Echo Park, Los Angeles, where he developed his method further, experimenting with treatment on teenage drug abusers with varying degrees of success. He attributes his failure to exercise too little control over their nighttime activities; he tried the night rap group and made himself available every hour to talk therapy for their nocturnal anxiety attacks. Landy went on to call the new milieu system therapy.
When serving a hospital, Landy became cultured in terms used by adolescents. In 1971, he wrote a book about the hippie jargon titled The Underground Dictionary , published by Simon & amp; Schuster.
Around 1972, Landy founded the Beverly Hills clinic, the Foundation for Emotional and Educational Repositions (FREE). Trainees work in the clinic using Landy approach partially. In the early 1970s, he also began to penetrate the social circle of Hollywood, becoming a consultant on various television shows including The Bob Newhart Show. She immediately began treating many celebrity clients, earning $ 200 per hour.
Some of Landy's patients included Alice Cooper, Richard Harris, Rod Steiger, and Gig Young, who died in a clear murder-suicide with his wife in 1978. In a 1976 interview with Rolling Stone, Landy confessed that he has treated others, but that he is not in a position to explain his background. He added, "I have treated a large number of people in the show business, for some reason it seems I can relate to them I think I have a good reputation that says I am unorthodox by orthodox standards but basically unique by unorthodox standards. usually, he has his own press tool. Doctor and former colleague Solon D. Samuels describes Landy as "a psychologist in maverick, doing things that other psychologists do not do psychotic and drug addicts.... What he does really translate the hospital environment to home environment I think he got some great results - with people who can afford it. "
Relationship with Brian Wilson
First care
Landy was initially employed to treat Brian Wilson by Wilson Marilyn's wife in 1975. Wilson publicly rebelled against the program, saying that the only reason he went with it was that he would not commit to a psychiatric facility. Beach Boys road manager Rick Nelson later claimed that Landy had attempted to use undesirable artistic control over the group. During the recording of Big Ones (1976), group meetings were supervised by Landy, and discussions on each track for the record were reported to last up to eight hours. Other reports indicate that Landy has requested a percentage of the band's revenues. At Landy's command, Wilson appeared on Saturday Night Live choosing to perform a "Good Vibrations" solo piano rendition that received mixed feedback. Landy stood outside the camera holding signs for Wilson that read "smile". He says that critics misunderstand his motives, explaining that Wilson's performance "is a terrible thing" as a one-shot, but if he continues to make an appearance, then he will gradually overcome his stage fright.
Steve Love, cousin and band manager Wilson, fired Landy in December 1976 when Landy doubled his paycheck. Landy remembers Big Ones as "the only great success" of the Beach Boys in recent years; "Brian and I did that together.Right after that, I had to leave the situation... I was interested in making Brian the whole man, they [Beach Boys management] were interested in making another album finished in time for 1977." In 1977, Wilson was asked if Landy had too much control; he said, "I thought so, but there was nothing I could do about it and I finally gave in to it.... He has controlled my life legally through my wife's commitments... She surely helps me. from a hundred thousand dollars - he charged a great deal per month. "Wilson later reported that Landy was replaced by a new doctor, Steve Schwartz. After several sessions with Wilson, Schwartz died in a camping accident, falling from the mountain to his death.
Second Care
Five years later in 1982, Wilson was taken back to Landy's care after an overdose on a combination of alcohol, cocaine, and other psychoactive drugs. Landy monitors Wilson's drug intake and uses Sol Samuels to prescribe medication. His assistant, Kevin Leslie, stood with Wilson at all times, making Leslie earned the nickname "Surf Nazi". Leslie also gave Wilson a drug on Landy's directions. Initially, Leslie was paid a salary by Landy, but was eventually paid instantly by Wilson. In the mid-1980s, Landy stated, "I affect all thoughts [Brian].I am practically a band member... [We] partners in life." Although Beach Boys has rented Landy, part of her treatment involves cutting Wilson's contacts from the group, for Landy reasons: "You can not deal with people who just want to use you." Wilson then responded to the accusation with, "People say that Dr. Landy is running my life, but the reality is, I am responsible." Landy echoes: "He has a car phone in his car, if he wants to call someone, he calls someone... He can go anywhere, alone, whenever he wants."
Between 1983 and 1986, Landy fined about $ 430,000 each year, forcing Wilson family members to devote some of the publishing rights to his pay. Landy received 25% of the copyright for all Wilson songs, regardless of whether he contributed to them or not, explained by band manager Tom Hulett is an incentive for Landy to rekindle Wilson's encouragement. "It feels like, 'Well, no one comes now, if you can make this person well to create income...'" Landy expressed the same view. "Saying that [I will share in future songwriting royalty] in '84 as I am telling you, 'I will pay you a million dollars if you can get up and fly around the room.'" This arrangement was revoked in 1985 , with Landy receiving only the rights with a percentage equivalent to his writing contributions. Landy reported that he never received any money, because Wilson did not publish any material before the pact was canceled.
In late 1987, Landy and Wilson became creative partners at a company called Brains and Genius, a business venture in which each member would contribute equally and share any advantage of a recording, movie, soundtrack, or book. Landy was later credited as co-writer and executive producer for Wilson's solo album released in 1988. Co-producer Russ Titelman underestimated his role in making the album, calling it annoying and "anti-creative". Wilson's cousin and friend Mike Love denied Landy's claim that Beach Boys prevented Wilson from participating in their recording, commenting: "Why anyone cares about us, his thinking seems to go away, when the only important Beach Boy is recording and performing on his own I finally saw Landy the way it was, the goal was not to make a wedge between Brian and us.That was to destroy us, then he would be the only guardian of Brian's career and legacy. "
Landy stated that his songwriting collaboration at Brian Wilson earned him less than $ 50,000. To publish Wilson's autobiographical memoir, Is not It Good: My Own Story, Landy stands to get 30% of the proceeds. This book honors Landy and is subsequently rejected by Wilson, and its contents have raised the question of plagiarism. Landy denied allegations that he was involved as an author for others. Wilson continues to pay Landy a salary of approximately $ 300,000 per year for advice on creative decisions. Country intervention
Action is taken against Landy's professional practice as a result of the Beach Boys' struggle and the Wilson family for control. A former nurse and boyfriend of Wilson took Landy to the country's attention in 1984, and they were later helped by a journal written by songwriter Gary Usher for ten months in collaboration with Wilson. These journals describe Wilson as a virtual prisoner dominated by Landy, who is determined to fulfill his show business ambitions through Wilson. By this time, Wilson had become Landy's only patient.
Wilson met his future wife and manager Melinda Ledbetter, a Cadillac saleswoman and former model, while exploring through a car dealer in 1986. Six months after meeting Wilson, he had reported Landy to the state attorney general, who told him that no one could do. without the Wilson family cooperation. Ledbetter felt that the family was on their "ropes" with Wilson, and that they did not know what to do to help him. Three years into their relationship, Landy orders Wilson to break with Ledbetter.
In February 1988, the California State Medical Quality Agency stormed Landy with violations of codes of conduct and licenses stemming from inappropriate drug prescriptions and unethical personal and professional relationships with patients, citing one case of sexual harassment with female patients, with Wilson's psychological dependence on Landy. Landy denied the allegations, but later admitted one of seven charges accusing him of prescribing wrong drugs to Wilson. Landy submitted his psychological license, complied with an agreement made with the state of California, and was not allowed to apply for recovery for the next two years. A board meeting in August 1988 with Beach Boys has promised that Brian will reconnect with the group, which Love said: "It is a ruse to get us to write letters in his defense of the California government.We never wrote the letter, and Brian's public behavior continue to disturb the calm. "Landy and his colleagues claim that his treatment of Wilson ended in February 1988 at the request of the state attorney general's office, but the deputy prosecutor who designed the complaint reported that he did not know the request, nor was it advised that they disconnected Landy with Wilson. The others witnessed no change, and Landy's assistant remained with Wilson. Samuels believes, "[Brian] still has an oral urge, he will still overeat and overdose if you let him, he has total freedom in every other way."
According to songwriter P. F. Sloan, Landy took advantage of Sloan's disappearance and claimed at one point to become the real P. F. Sloan. He explains that it is Landy's attempt to gain credibility and calm members of the medical community who question why Landy feels that he is the right songwriting collaborator for Wilson.
Conservatory Hearing
Peter Reum, a therapist who met Wilson while attending a Beach Boys fan convention in 1990, was worried about Wilson's attitude, speculating that he might be suffering from tardive dyskinesia, a neurological condition caused by prolonged use of antipsychotic drugs. Reum telephoned the biographer David Leaf, who later reported Reum's observations to Brian's brother, Carl Wilson. It was discovered that Landy had been named a major beneficiary in the 1989 revision of Brian's will, garnering 70%, with the remaining split between his girlfriend and two of Brian's daughters. The discovery was made by Kay Gilmer, a publicist employed by Landy in March 1990. He telephoned Gary Usher to explain why his message was not returned, which Usher warned: "If Landy knows you're calling me, he's killing you. kill you. "Gilmer left his job two weeks later, picking up an expired bottle of medicine and name, phone number, and bank account information which was then submitted to California Medical Insurance Agency.
Aided by Gilmer's findings, Brian's cousin Stan Love proposed unsuccessfully for conservatories on May 17, 1990. A press conference with Stan on the podium featured Brian's unexpected appearance. Reading from a piece of paper, Brian was given a microphone and said: "I have heard about the allegations made by Stan Love, and I think they are outrageous, which means they are coming out of the baseball stadium... I feel great." Audree, Carl, Carnie , and Wendy Wilson then contested Landy's control over Brian, pursuing legal action on May 7, 1991. The decision was resolved on 3 February 1992 when Landy was banned by a court order from Brian, leaving his affair in the hands of conservator Jerome S. Billet. In December 1992, Landy was fined $ 1,000 for violating a court order when he visited Brian in June for his birthday.
Personal life and death
Landy had a son in the early 1960s, Evan Landy.
After the 1990s, Landy continued the practice of psychotherapy with licenses in New Mexico and Hawaii until his death. He died, aged 71, on March 22, 2006 in Honolulu, Hawaii, from pneumonia when suffering from lung cancer. When asked what his reaction to Landy's death, Wilson replied, "I'm devastated." In 2015, Wilson reflected, "I think he is my friend, but he is a very chaotic person," as well as, "I still feel the benefit I tried to ignore the bad things, and grateful for what he taught me. "
References
Bibliography
Further reading
- McParland, Stephen J. (1991). Wilson Project . Berlot. ISBN: 978-2-9544834-0-5.
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